Systemic proteolytic enzymes (bromelain, trypsin, papain, serrapeptase): (1) Absorbed from intestine into bloodstream (5-10% of oral dose — enteric coating required to survive stomach acid); (2) In the bloodstream, they bind to alpha-2-macroglobulin (the body's protease carrier protein) — this complex retains enzymatic activity while being protected from immune clearance; (3) The enzyme-A2M complex breaks down fibrin deposits at inflammation sites (fibrin forms the structural "scaffold" of inflammatory swelling); (4) Degrades circulating immune complexes (CIC) — CIC are antibody-antigen clusters that deposit in tissues and activate complement, driving chronic inflammation; (5) Modulates cytokine production — reduces TNF-α and IL-1β while increasing IL-10 (anti-inflammatory shift).
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.