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Phosphatidic acid is a signaling lipid produced in muscle cells during resistance training: (1) Mechanical loading activates phospholipase D (PLD) in the muscle cell membrane; (2) PLD cleaves phosphatidylcholine → phosphatidic acid; (3) PA binds directly to the FRB domain of mTORC1 (the same binding site where rapamycin inhibits mTOR); (4) PA binding activates mTORC1 → phosphorylates p70S6K and 4E-BP1 → initiates muscle protein synthesis. Supplemental PA augments this endogenous signal — essentially giving the mTOR pathway MORE activation signal than training alone would produce. This is independent of the insulin/Akt pathway, providing a separate input to mTOR.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.