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Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin work through: (1) increasing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity and NO bioavailability — improving vasodilation and reducing blood pressure; (2) inhibiting phosphodiesterase (PDE) in venous smooth muscle — increasing cAMP, which improves venous tone and reduces stasis; (3) reducing capillary permeability by strengthening inter-endothelial junctions; (4) inhibiting NF-κB and ICAM-1, reducing vascular inflammation and leukocyte adhesion. In the gut, hesperidin is converted by intestinal bacteria to hesperetin, which is then absorbed — meaning gut microbiome composition affects bioavailability.
No critical interactions identified.
Independently graded against 173,636 indexed supplements with 177 published clinical interactions, sourced from PubMed, FDA CAERS, openFDA, and NIH DSLD | Last updated:
Not medical advice. Based on published clinical research and systematic reviews.